On May 22, 1782, while stationed at Newburgh, New York, Colonel Lewis Nicola wrote to General George Washington, expressing concerns about the financial hardships faced by the Continental Army due to Congress's inability to provide consistent pay. Nicola attributed these issues to the perceived weaknesses of the republican form of government under the Articles of Confederation. He proposed that Washington assume the title of king, suggesting that a constitutional monarchy might offer a more stable and effective governance structure.
Washington responded on the same day, expressing profound surprise and disapproval. He stated that no incident during the war had caused him more painful feelings than Nicola's proposal. Washington emphasized his unwavering commitment to republican principles and rejected any notion of establishing a monarchy in the United States.
Nicola, realizing the gravity of his suggestion, wrote multiple letters of apology to Washington, expressing deep regret for causing offense. The incident underscores Washington's dedication to republicanism and his refusal to entertain any form of monarchical rule, even when proposed by his own officers.
This exchange is often associated with the broader context of the Newburgh Conspiracy, where discontented officers considered actions against Congress due to grievances over pay and pensions. Washington's leadership was pivotal in diffusing these tensions and maintaining the young nation's commitment to democratic governance.
For the full text of Nicola's letter and Washington's response, you can refer to the National Archives: